Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-contagious skin disease in which there is inflammation of the skin. The condition is also known as atopic eczema, and is the most common form of eczema. Atopic describes a group of diseases in which the patient frequently tends to develop similar allergic, atopic diseases like asthma, conjunctivitis, and hay fever.
It is estimated that 20 percent of infants and young children suffer from symptoms linked to atopic dermatitis, and that somewhere over 15 million people overall in the United States, or roughly 5 percent or greater, are in such a condition.
Causes and risk factors:
Although the causes of atopic dermatitis are unknown, it is thought to result from both hereditary and environmental factors. The condition is also associated with immune system malfunction, and in fact the body's reaction means that it could be considered an autoimmune condition. Previously, it was thought that stress and emotional factors caused atopic dermatitis, but now such conditions are not considered to cause it, although they are still thought to have the potential to worsen the case.
Symptoms:
Atopic dermatitis symptoms may vary in any given case of the condition. Certain symptoms may include:
Atopic pleat (Dennie-Morgan fold)
Cheilitis
Cold sores
Dry skin
Hives (urticaria)
Hyperlinear palms
Hyperpigmented eyelids
Ichthyosis
Itchy skin
Keratosis pilaris
Lichenification (thick, leathery skin)
Papules
Rashes (face, elbows, hands, feet, inside knees, etc.)
Skin inflammation
Warts
Treatment and Symptom Prevention:
Treatment for atopic dermatitis depends upon factors such as symptoms, overall health, and the age of the patient. The priorities in atopic dermatitis treatment are healing the skin and preventing flares (exacerbations). Avoiding allergens or other irritants may assist in these objectives. Healthy skin care may also be beneficial in promoting the healing and continued health of the patient's skin.
Medications to control inflammation and immune system reactions are sometimes used in treatment, and are known as immuno-modulators. Certain creams and ointments may also be applied to the skin. Some additional medical treatments may include antibiotics for treatment of skin infections, and antihistamine to promote drowsiness, and therefore reduced scratching while sleeping or attempting to sleep. Immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed by doctors for a short period of time in severe cases of atopic dermatitis.
